By Sachin Kapoor (via IANS)–
(Sachin Kapoor is an India-based founder of Trumsy, which focuses on reduction of children’s screen time. The views expressed are his own)
In 2017, Frontiers in Psychiatry published ‘An Update Overview on Brain Imaging Studies of Internet Gaming Disorder’ as part of their research on IGD or Internet Gaming Disorder. The conclusion was startling: “There is an emerging evidence that IGD is associated with similar brain mechanisms responsible for substance use disorders. The brain imaging studies in IGD show similarity in brain mechanisms between IGD and substance use disorder and therefore support the classification of IGD as a behavioral addiction.”
In simple words,
- Screen addiction is an addiction as per WHO
- Its impact on the brain is similar to substance-use addiction (for example. the use of narcotics such as cocaine)
In short, there may be an irreversible long term impact on the brains of children addicted to Internet games. However, the question arises whether only internet games are to be blamed or is the problem broader.
In 2019, researchers made an attempt to bring together all the use-cases under the umbrella of SmUD (Smartphone Use Disorder).
It was the research of Joel Billieux, a professor of clinical psychology at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, that provided clear pathways into problematic mobile phone usage. He emphasized on the following four pathways for SmUD:
- Impulsive
- Relationship
- Extraversion
- Cyber Addiction
Prof Billieux further broke down cyber addiction into online gambling, online video games, online sex, social networks and mobile phone, thereby defining a spectrum of cyber addictions.
Many parents despair at the amount of time their kids spend glued to screens, as a recent study by Kantar for Amazon India showed. However, they may not be in a position to co-relate symptoms in a child’s behavior with cyber or mobile addiction.
A research published by the United States National Library of Medicine suggests that both physical and mental wellbeing can be adversely affected by too much screen use. It divided students into low cell phone usage and high cell phone usage groups and came up with the following conclusions.
- Physical: High cell phone usage group observed higher incidence of eye strain, neck pain, back pain, and gain in weight
- Mental: High cell phone usage group were more likely to report loneliness, depression, and mood disorders
The fact is, excessive phone usage is going to do you and your children harm. What you may be passing off as a lifestyle aberration, may be the symptom of a larger disorder taking shape. For example, eye strain and a lack of concentration may be the trigger point for ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) aggravated by years of mobile phone usage.
It is important for us to understand the role of neurotransmitters, especially dopamine, commonly called the happiness hormone. Sudden surges in dopamine causes addiction. This is exactly what cocaine and other narcotics do inside our body. They release a lot of dopamine, the brain responds less to the excess dopamine.
Then we consume more to release more dopamine. Eventually this cycle leads to mania, hallucinations and delusions.
The reason you can’t put that mobile phone down is because it releases cheap and plentiful dopamine in your brain. So you are on a high without consuming anything, just by spending more and more time on a mobile screen on gaming, gambling, sex or social networks.
A logical question therefore is how many hours a day is classified as addiction. A few researchers came up with a limit of 20 hours a week. But, this is hotly contested and the World Health Organization has refrained from providing hour-based classification of mobile addiction.
Among practitioners, a generally held view is that the behavior of the addict should be such that spending time on the phone comes at the expense of normal life commitments. An often cited example is that you have an exam or an assignment submission, but you skip it because you were unable to keep your mobile phone away.
You may start wondering if this is such an important problem, considering that 70 per cent of India’s population has smartphones. What is being done to solve the problem?
To begin with, is it being identified as a problem? The bugle was sounded by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his ‘Pariksha Pe Charcha’ wherein he highlighted the distractions mobile phones may cause to students preparing for exams.
There is a lot that needs to be done by different stakeholders like educators, health practitioners, mobile device manufacturers, and mobile gaming companies.
The biggest question is for parents to ask themselves: When you hand over a phone or a mobile device to your child, are you aware that you may be starting a one-way cycle for impairing her potential? What do you think you can do as a parent to change course midway? If you are just starting out, what may be your alternatives to entertain your newborn beyond the mobile screen?
To all parents, the question is, “Are you making your child addicted to cocaine?”